RESUMO
ABSTRACT Immune exhaustion and senescence are scarcely studied in HIV-pediatric patients. We studied the circulatory CD8 T cells activation/exhaustion and senescent phenotype of children and adolescents vertically infected with HIV or uninfected controls based on the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DR), CD38, T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT), programmed death 1 (PD-1) and CD57 by flow cytometry, during approximately one year. Eleven HIV-infected (HI) and nine HIV-uninfected (HU) children/adolescents who received two doses or one dose of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine (MenC), respectively, were involved in this study. Blood samples were collected before the immunization (T0), 1-2 months after the first dose (T1), and 1-2 months after the second dose (T2), which was administered approximately one year after the first one. HI patients not receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) showed a higher frequency of CD8 T cells TIGIT+, PD-1+ or CD57+, as well as a higher frequency of CD8 T cells co-expressing CD38/HLA-DR/TIGIT or CD38/HLA-DR/PD-1 when compared to HI treated or HU individuals, at all times that they were assessed. CD8 T cells co-expressing CD38/DR/TIGIT were inversely correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio but positively associated with viral load. The co-expression of CD38/DR/TIGIT or CD38/DR/PD-1 on CD8 T cells was also inversely associated with the CD4 T cells expressing co-stimulatory molecules CD127/CD28. The results showed a higher expression of exhaustion/senescence markers on CD8 T cells of untreated HI children/adolescents and its correlations with viral load.
RESUMO
Este artigo analisa os saberes e práticas do cuidado em saúde relacionados à covid-19, a partir da observação participante de pessoas que trocam experiências e interagem sobre o tema no grupo da rede social Facebook, no Brasil, 'Eu já tive Covid-19'. A comunidade virtual, com 16,5 mil membros, gerou 397 postagens no período de 8 de março a 18 de abril de 2021. As postagens foram categorizadas e tiveram seus níveis de engajamento calculados com base no número de interações. Experiências em casos de covid-19, dúvidas e questionamentos dos usuários participantes representaram 74% das postagens. Os comentários com mensagens de acolhimento aproximaram as pessoas, fortalecendo seus laços sociais. Foram identificados discursos que contrariavam o saber científico, sendo uma a cada 25 postagens definida como fake news. Temas como automedicação, xarope caseiro, 'kit covid' e tratamento precoce foram destaque dentre os conteúdos e evidenciam o grau de desinformação dos participantes a respeito da covid-19.
This article analyzes the knowledge and practices of health care related to covid-19, based on the participant observation of people who exchange experiences and interact on the topic in the social network Facebook group, in Brazil, 'I already had Covid-19'. The virtual community, with 16,500 members, generated 397 posts, in the period from March 8 to April 18, 2021. They were categorized and had their engagement levels calculated based on the number of interactions. Experiences in cases of covid-19, doubts and questions from participating users represented 74% of posts. The comments with welcoming messages brought these people closer, strengthening their social ties. Speeches that contradicted scientific knowledge were identified, with one in 25 posts classified as fake news. Topics such as self-medication, homemade syrup, 'covid kit' and early treatment were highlighted among these contents and show the degree of disinformation of the participants about covid-19.
Este artículo analiza los conocimientos y prácticas de atención a la salud relacionados con el covid-19, a partir de la observación participante de personas que intercambian experiencias e interactúan sobre el tema en el grupo de la red social Facebook, en Brasil, 'Eu ya tuvo Covid-19'. La comunidad virtual, con 16.500 miembros, generó 397 publicaciones, en el período del 8 de marzo al 18 de abril de 2021. Se categorizaron y se calcularon los niveles de participación en función del número de interacciones. Experiencias en casos de covid-19, dudas y preguntas de los usuarios participantes representaron el 74% de las publicaciones. Los comentarios con mensajes de bienvenida acercaron a estas personas, fortaleciendo sus lazos sociales. Se identificaron discursos que contradecían el conocimiento científico, con una fake news cada 25 publicaciones. En estos contenidos se destacaron temas como la automedicación, el jarabe casero, el 'kit covid' y el tratamiento temprano, evidenciando el grado de desinformación de los participantes sobre el covid-19.